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Electronics
Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and
devices such as, semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures,
and vacuum tubes. All applications of electronics involve the transmission of
power and possibly information. Although considered to be a theoretical branch
of physics, the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve
practical problems is an essential technique in the fields of electronics
engineering and computer engineering.The study of new semiconductor devices and
surrounding technology is sometimes considered a branch of physics. This article
focuses on engineering aspects of electronics. Other important topics include
electronic waste and occupational health impacts of semiconductor
manufacturing.Electronic systems are used to perform a wide variety of tasks.
The main uses of electronic circuits are: 1. The controlling and processing of
data. 2. The conversion to/from and distribution of electric power.
Both these applications involve the creation and/or detection of electromagnetic
fields and electric currents. While electrical energy had been used for some
time prior to the late 19th century to transmit data over telegraph and
telephone lines, development in electronics grew exponentially after the advent
of radio.An electronic component is any physical entity in an electronic system
whose intention is to affect the electrons or their associated fields in a
desired manner consistent with the intended function of the electronic system.
Components are generally intended to be in mutual electromechanical contact,
usually by being soldered to a printed circuit board (PCB), to create an
electronic circuit with a particular function (for example an amplifier, radio
receiver, or oscillator). Components may be packaged singly or in more or less
complex groups as integrated circuits.Digital circuits are electric circuits
based on a number of discrete voltage levels. Digital circuits are the most
common physical representation of Boolean algebra and are the basis of all
digital computers. To most engineers, the terms "digital circuit", "digital
system" and "logic" are interchangeable in the context of digital circuits. In
most cases the number of different states of a node is two, represented by two
voltage levels labeled "Low" and "High". Often "Low" will be near zero volts and
"High" will be at a higher level depending on the supply voltage in use.
Computers, electronic clocks, and programmable logic controllers (used to
control industrial processes) are constructed of digital circuits. Digital
Signal Processors are another example. Mathematical methods are integral to the
study of electronics. To become proficient in electronics it is also necessary
to become proficient in the mathematics of circuit analysis. Circuit analysis is
the study of methods of solving generally linear systems for unknown variables
such as the voltage at a certain node or the current though a certain branch of
a network. A common analytical tool for this is the SPICE circuit simulator.
Also important to electronics is the study and understanding of electromagnetic
field theory. Learn Electronics, SCHOOLS Electronics, COLLEGES Electronics,
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