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Music
Music is an art form consisting of sound and silence expressed through time.
Elements of sound as used in music are pitch (including melody and harmony),
rhythm (including tempo and meter), and sonic qualities of timbre, articulation,
dynamics, and texture.The use of music, in its creation, performance,
significance and even its definition, varies according to culture and social
context. Music ranges from strictly organized compositions and performances to
improvisational or aleatoric forms. For purposes of discussion and exploration
of the topic, music is divided into genres and sub-genres, although the dividing
lines and relationships between music genres are often unclear and/or
controversial. Within "the arts", music can be classified as a performing art, a
fine art, or an auditory art form.
The incorporation of music training from preschool to postsecondary education is
common in North America and Europe, because involvement in music is thought to
teach basic skills such as concentration, counting, listening, and cooperation
while also promoting understanding of language, improving the ability to recall
information, and creating an environment more conductive to learning in other
areas. [6] In elementary schools, children often learn to play instruments such
as the recorder, sing in small choirs, and learn about the history of Western
art music. In secondary schools students may have the opportunity to perform
some type of musical ensembles, such as choirs, marching bands, concert bands,
jazz bands, or orchestras, and in some school systems, music classes may be
available. Some students also take private music lessons with a teacher. Amateur
musicians typically take lessons to learn musical rudiments and beginner- to
intermediate-level musical techniques.At the university level, students in most
arts and humanities programs can receive credit for taking music courses, which
typically take the form of an overview course on the history of music, or a
music appreciation course that focuses on listening to music and learning about
different musical styles. In addition, most North American and European
universities have some type of musical ensembles that non-music students are
able to participate in, such as choirs, marching bands, or orchestras. The study
of Western art music is increasingly common outside of North America and Europe,
such as STSI in Bali, or the Classical music programs that are available in
Asian countries such as South Korea, Japan, and China. At the same time, Western
universities and colleges are widening their curriculum to include music of
non-Western cultures, such as the music of Africa or Bali (e.g. Gamelan
music). Many people also study about music in the field of musicology. The
earliest definitions of musicology defined three sub-disciplines: systematic
musicology, historical musicology, and comparative musicology. In contemporary
scholarship, one is more likely to encounter a division of the discipline into
music theory, music history, and ethnomusicology. Research in musicology has
often been enriched by cross-disciplinary work, for example in the field of
psychoacoustics. The study of music of non-western cultures, and the cultural
study of music, is called ethnomusicology. Graduates of undergraduate music
programs can go on to further study in music graduate programs. Graduate degrees
include the Master of Music, the Master of Arts, the PhD (e.g., in musicology or
music theory), and more recently, the Doctor of Musical Arts, or DMA. The Master
of Music degree, which takes one to two years to complete, is typically awarded
to students studying the performance of an instrument, education, voice or
composition. The Master of Arts degree, which takes one to two years to complete
and often requires a thesis, is typically awarded to students studying
musicology, music history, or music theory. Undergraduate university degrees in
music, including the Bachelor of Music, the Bachelor of Music Education, and the
Bachelor of Arts (with a major in music) typically take three to five years to
complete. These degrees provide students with a grounding in music theory and
music history, and many students also study an instrument or learn singing
technique as part of their program. Learn Music, SCHOOLS Music, COLLEGES Music,
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